In this article,we study theoretically and numerically the interaction of a vortex induced by a rotating cylinder with a perpendicular plane. We show the existence of weak solutions to the swirling vortex models by using the Hopf extension method, and by an elegant contradiction argument, respectively. We demonstrate numerically that the model could produce phenomena of swirling vortex including boundary layer pumping and two-celled vortex that are observed in potential line vortex interacting with a plane and in a tornado.

A numerical method is presented for the computation of externally forced Stokes flows bounded by the plane z=0 and satisfying periodic boundary conditions in the x and y directions. The motivation for this work is the simulation of flows generated by cilia, which are hair-like structures attached to the surface of cells that generate flows through coordinated beating. Large collections of cilia on a surface can be modeled using a doubly-periodic domain. The approach presented here is to derive a regularized version of the fundamental solution of the incompressible Stokes equations in Fourier space for the periodic directions and physical space for the z direction. This analytical expression for û(k,m;z) can then be used to compute the fluid velocity u(x,y,z) via a two-dimensional inverse fast Fourier transform for any fixed value of z. Repeating the computation for multiple values of z leads to the fluid velocity on a uniform grid in physical space. The zero-flow condition at the plane z =0 is enforced through the use of images. The performance of the method is illustrated by numerical examples of particle transport by nodal cilia, which verify optimal particle transport for parameters consistent with previous studies. The results also show that for two cilia in the periodic box, out-of-phase beating produces considerable more particle transport than in-phase beating.

This paper develops Runge-Kutta P^K-based central discontinuous Galerkin (CDG) methods with WENO limiter for the one- and two-dimensional special relativistic hydrodynamical (RHD) equations, K = 1,2,3. Different from the non-central DG methods, the Runge-Kutta CDG methods have to find two approximate solutions defined on mutually dual meshes. For each mesh, the CDG approximate solutions on its dual mesh are used to calculate the flux values in the cell and on the cell boundary so that the approximate solutions on mutually dual meshes are coupled with each other, and the use of numerical flux will be avoided. The WENO limiter is adaptively implemented via two steps: the "troubled" cells are first identified by using a modified TVB minmod function, and then the WENO technique is used to locally reconstruct new polynomials of degree (2K+1) replacing the CDG solutions inside the "troubled" cells by the cell average values of the CDG solutions in the neighboring cells as well as the original cell averages of the "troubled" cells. Because the WENO limiter is only employed for finite "troubled" cells, the computational cost can be as little as possible. The accuracy of the CDG without the numerical dissipation is analyzed and calculation of the flux integrals over the cells is also addressed. Several test problems in one and two dimensions are solved by using our Runge-Kutta CDG methods with WENO limiter. The computations demonstrate that our methods are stable, accurate, and robust in solving complex RHD problems.

This paper studies the magneto-heat coupling model which describes iron loss of conductors and energy exchange between magnetic field and Ohmic heat. The temperature influences Maxwell's equations through the variation of electric conductivity, while electric eddy current density provides the heat equation with Ohmic heat source. It is in this way that Maxwell's equations and the heat equation are coupled together. The system also incorporates the heat exchange between conductors and cooling oil which is poured into and out of the transformer. We propose a weak formulation for the coupling model and establish the well-posedness of the problem. The model is more realistic than the traditional eddy current model in numerical simulations for large power transformers. The theoretical analysis of this paper paves a way for us to design efficient numerical computation of the transformer in the future.

This paper presents comprehensive studies on two closely related problems of high speed collisionless gaseous jet from a circular exit and impinging on an inclined rectangular flat plate, where the plate surface can be diffuse or specular reflective. Gas-kinetic theories are adopted to study the problems, and several crucial geometry-location and velocity-direction relations are used. The final complete results include flow-field properties such as density, velocity components, temperature and pressure, and impingement surface properties such as coefficients of pressure, shear stress and heat flux. Also included are the averaged coefficients for pressure, friction, heat flux, moment over the whole plate, and the averaged distance from the moment center to the plate center. The final results include complex but accurate integrations involving the geometry and specific speed ratios, inclination angle, and the temperature ratio. Several numerical simulations with the direct simulation Monte Carlo method validate these analytical results, and the results are essentially identical. Exponential, trigonometric, and error functions are embedded in the solutions. The results illustrate that the past simple cosine function approach is rather crude, and should be used cautiously. The gas-kinetic method and processes are heuristic and can be used to investigate other external high Knudsen number impingement flow problems, including the flow-field and surface properties for high Knudsen number jet from an exit and flat plate of arbitrary shapes. The results are expected to find many engineering applications.

This paper is devoted to an extension of the finite-energy condition for extended Runge-Kutta-Nyström (ERKN) integrators and applications to nonlinear wave equations. We begin with an error analysis for the integrators for multi-frequency highly oscillatory systems $y′′+My = f(y)$, where $M$ is positive semi-definite, ║$M$║≫║$\frac{∂f}{∂y}$║, and ║$M$║≫1. The highly oscillatory system is due to the semi-discretisation of conservative, or dissipative, nonlinear wave equations. The structure of such a matrix $M$ and initial conditions are based on particular spatial discretisations. Similarly to the error analysis for Gaustchi-type methods of order two, where a finite-energy condition bounding amplitudes of high oscillations is satisfied by the solution, a finite-energy condition for the semi-discretisation of nonlinear wave equations is introduced and analysed. These ensure that the error bound of ERKN methods is independent of ║$M$║. Since stepsizes are not restricted by frequencies of $M$, large stepsizes can be employed by our ERKN integrators of arbitrary high order. Numerical experiments provided in this paper have demonstrated that our results are truly promising, and consistent with our analysis and prediction.

We propose a fully conservative and less oscillatory multi-moment scheme for the approximation of hyperbolic conservation laws. The proposed scheme (CIP-CSL3ENO) is based on two CIP-CSL3 schemes and the essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) scheme. In this paper, we also propose an ENO indicator for the multi-moment framework, which intentionally selects non-smooth stencil but can efficiently minimize numerical oscillations. The proposed scheme is validated through various benchmark problems and a comparison with an experiment of two droplets collision/separation. The CIP-CSL3ENO scheme shows approximately fourth-order accuracy for smooth solution, and captures discontinuities and smooth solutions simultaneously without numerical oscillations for solutions which include discontinuities. The numerical results of two droplets collision/separation (3D free surface flow simulation) show that the CIP-CSL3ENO scheme can be applied to various types of fluid problems not only compressible flow problems but also incompressible and 3D free surface flow problems.

The computation efficiency of high dimensional (3D and 4D) B-spline interpolation, constructed by classical tensor product method, is improved greatly by precomputing the B-spline function. This is due to the character of NLT code, i.e. only the linearised characteristics are needed so that the unperturbed orbit as well as values of the B-spline function at interpolation points can be precomputed at the beginning of the simulation. By integrating this fixed point interpolation algorithm into NLT code, the high dimensional gyro-kinetic Vlasov equation can be solved directly without operator splitting method which is applied in conventional semi-Lagrangian codes. In the Rosenbluth-Hinton test, NLT runs a few times faster for Vlasov solver part and converges at about one order larger time step than conventional splitting code.

Multiplicative noise removal is a challenging problem in image restoration. In this paper, by applying Box-Cox transformation, we convert the multiplicative noise removal problem into the additive noise removal problem and the block matching three dimensional (BM3D) method is applied to get the final recovered image. Indeed, BM3D is an effective method to remove additive Gaussian white noise in images. A maximum likelihood method is designed to determine the parameter in the Box-Cox transformation. We also present the unbiased inverse transform for the Box-Cox transformation which is important. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results illustrate clearly that the proposed method can remove multiplicative noise very well especially when multiplicative noise is heavy. The proposed method is superior to the existing methods for multiplicative noise removal in the literature.

We introduce a third order adaptive mesh method to arbitrary high order Godunov approach. Our adaptive mesh method consists of two parts, i.e., mesh-redistribution algorithm and solution algorithm. The mesh-redistribution algorithm is derived based on variational approach, while a new solution algorithm is developed to preserve high order numerical accuracy well. The feature of proposed Adaptive ADER scheme includes that 1). all simulations in this paper are stable for large CFL number, 2). third order convergence of the numerical solutions is successfully observed with adaptive mesh method, and 3). high resolution and non-oscillatory numerical solutions are obtained successfully when there are shocks in the solution. A variety of numerical examples show the feature well.

In this paper we present a fast and accurate numerical algorithm for the computation of hyperspherical Bessel functions of large order and real arguments. For the hyperspherical Bessel functions of closed type, no stable algorithm existed so far due to the lack of a backwards recurrence. We solved this problem by establishing a relation to Gegenbauer polynomials. All our algorithms are written in C and are publicly available at Github [https://github.com/lesgourg/class_public]. A Python wrapper is available upon request.

In this paper we analyze in detail the equilibrium configurations of classical polytropic stars with a multi-parametric differential rotation law of the literature using the standard numerical method introduced by Eriguchi and Mueller. Specifically we numerically investigate the parameters' space associated with the velocity field characterizing both equilibrium and non-equilibrium configurations for which the stability condition is violated or the mass-shedding criterion is verified.