J. Mach. Learn. , 3 (2024), pp. 107-175.
Published online: 2024-06
[An open-access article; the PDF is free to any online user.]
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The paper contains approximation guarantees for neural networks that are trained with gradient flow, with error measured in the continuous $L_2(\mathbb{S}^{d−1 )}$-norm on the $d$-dimensional unit sphere and targets that are Sobolev smooth. The networks are fully connected of constant depth and increasing width. We show gradient flow convergence based on a neural tangent kernel (NTK) argument for the non-convex optimization of the second but last layer. Unlike standard NTK analysis, the continuous error norm implies an under-parametrized regime, possible by the natural smoothness assumption required for approximation. The typical over-parametrization re-enters the results in form of a loss in approximation rate relative to established approximation methods for Sobolev smooth functions.
}, issn = {2790-2048}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4208/jml.230924}, url = {http://global-sci.org/intro/article_detail/jml/23210.html} }The paper contains approximation guarantees for neural networks that are trained with gradient flow, with error measured in the continuous $L_2(\mathbb{S}^{d−1 )}$-norm on the $d$-dimensional unit sphere and targets that are Sobolev smooth. The networks are fully connected of constant depth and increasing width. We show gradient flow convergence based on a neural tangent kernel (NTK) argument for the non-convex optimization of the second but last layer. Unlike standard NTK analysis, the continuous error norm implies an under-parametrized regime, possible by the natural smoothness assumption required for approximation. The typical over-parametrization re-enters the results in form of a loss in approximation rate relative to established approximation methods for Sobolev smooth functions.